The Crucible Witch Trials Essay Example For Students

The Crucible Witch Trials Essay In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the madness of the Salem witch trials is explored in great detail. There are many theories as to why the witch trials came about, the most popular of which is the girls suppressed childhoods. However, there were other factors as well, such as Abigail Williams affair with John Proctor, the secret grudges that neighbors held against each other, and the physical and economic differences between the citizens of Salem Village. From a historical viewpoint, it is known that young girls in colonial Massachusetts were given little or no freedom to act like children. They were expected to walk straight, arms by their sides, eyes slightly downcast, and their mouths were to be shut unless otherwise asked to speak. It is not surprising that the girls would find this type of lifestyle very constricting. To rebel against it, they played pranks, such as dancing in the woods, listening to slaves magic stories and pretending that other villagers were bewitching them. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible Witch Trials specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Crucible starts after the girls in the village have been caught dancing in the woods. As one of them falls sick, rumors start to fly that there is witchcraft going onin the woods, and that the sick girl is bewitched. Once the girls talk to each other, they become more and more frightened of being accused as witches, so Abigail starts accusing others of practicing witchcraft. The other girls all join in so that the blame will not be placed on them. In The Crucible, Abigail starts the accusations by saying, I go back to Jesus; I kiss his hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil! Another girl, Betty, continues the cry with, I saw George Jacobs with the Devil! I saw Goody Howe with the Devil! ;From here on, the accusations grow and grow until the jails overflow with accused witches. It must have given them an incredible sense of powerwhen the whole town of Salem listened to their words and believed each and every accusation. After all, children were to be seen and not heard in Puritan society, and the newfound attention was probably overwhelming. In Act Three of The Crucible, the girls were called before the judges to defend themselves against the claims that they were only acting. To prove their innocence, Abigail led the other girls in a chilling scene. Abby acted as if Mary Warren sent her spirit up to the rafters and began to talk to the spirit. Oh Mary, this is a black art to change your shape. No, I cannot, I cannot stop my mouth; its Gods work I do. The other girls all stared at the rafters in horror and began to repeat everything they heard. Finally, the girls hysterics caused Mary Warren to accuse John Proctor of witchcraft. Once the scam started, it was too late to stop, and thesnowballing effect of wild accusations soon resulted in the hanging of many innocents. After the wave of accusations began, grudges began to surface in the community. Small slights were made out to be witchcraft, and bad business deals were blamed on witchery. Two characters in The Crucible, Giles Corey and Thomas Putnam, argue early on about a plot of land. Corey claims that he bought it from Goody Nurse but Putnam says he owns it, and Goody Nurse had no right to sell it. Later, when Putnams daughter accuses George Jacobs of witchery, Corey claims that Putnam only wants Jacobs land. Giles says, IfJacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property thats law! And there is none but Putnam with the coin to buy so great a piece. This man is killing his neighbors for their land! Others also had hidden motives for accusing their neighbors. Once the accusations began, everyone had a reason to accuse someone else which is why the hangings got so out of hand. The wave of accusations can be likened to mass hysteria, in which the people involved are so caught up that they start having delusions of neighbors out to do them harm. One of the main accusers, Abigail Williams, had an ulterior motive for accusing Elizabeth Proctor. In The Crucible, Abigail believed that if she got rid of Goody Proctor, then John Proctor, her husband, would turn toAbby. John Proctor had an affair with Abigail, but for him it was just lust, while Abigail believed it to be true love. She told John that he loves her, and once she destroys Elizabeth, they will be free to love one another. John is horrified at this, but can do nothing to convince Abigail that he is not in love with her. Because of Abigails twisted plot to secure John for herself, Elizabeth is arrested. It is the hidden motives behind the accusations that fan the flames of the Salem witch trials. To get the complete picture of the causes behind the witch trials, you must look at the physical reasons as well. Two historians,Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, drew a map of Salem Village and plotted the accusers, the defendants, and the accused witches. An interesting picture arose when a line was drawn dividing the town into east and west. It became clear that nearly all the accusers lived on the west side, and almost all the defenders and accused witches lived on the east side. .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef , .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef .postImageUrl , .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef , .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef:hover , .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef:visited , .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef:active { border:0!important; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef:active , .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u833067294e39bfa70e1fd1f6e52f35ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: BLOOD AND BELONGING Essay To determine the cause of the east-west split, the historians examined many disputes, chief among them being the choice of ministers. Once Salem Village was granted the right to have its own meeting house, quarrels arose over who would preach in the pulpit. There were four ministers between the time period of when the meeting house was built and the end of the witch trials. The arguments over ministers soon became a power struggle. There were two factions that arose during this dispute, and it was noted that one group supported two ministers while the other group supported the other two ministers. Each group wanted to prove its influence by choosing a minister and making him the spiritual guide to Salem Village. The two groups were found to coincide closely with the east-west division. When the economical divisions of the village were examined, it was found that in general the western citizens of Salem Village lived an agrarian lifestyle and were hard-pressed economically. The land on the western side was well-suited to farming and grazing. By contrast, the villagers on the east side were mainly merchants and lived fairlyopulently. The road to Salem Town traveled through the east side of Salem Village. Many innkeepers and tavern owners lived on this road and made a good profit off all the travelers. Tension often arose between the two groups because of their vastly different lifestyles. It is not difficult to see why a catastrophe such as the Salem witch trials occurred. Once one accusation was made, it was easy to release all the buried suspicions and hatred into a wave of madness. The Crucible simplifies the cause to make for a better story, but in reality the reasons for the witch craft accusations were much more complex. The reasons behind the accusations would result in many more quarrels over the years, but none as interesting or as horrifying as the Salem witch trials. In such a straight-laced Puritan society, there lived many people with hidden darkness in their hearts, and the Salem witch trials exposed and magnified the consequences of those black desires. In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the madness of the Salem witch trials is explored in great detail. There are many theories as to why the witch trials came about, the most popular of which is the girls suppressed childhoods. However, there were other factors as well, such as Abigail Williams affair with John Proctor, the secret grudges that neighbors held against each other, and the physical and economic differences between the citizens of SalemVillage. From a historical viewpoint, it is known that young girls in colonial Massachusetts were given little or no freedom to act likechildren. They were expected to walk straight, arms by their sides, eyes slightly downcast, and their mouths were to be shut unless otherwise asked to speak. It is not surprising that the girls would find this type of lifestyle very constricting. To rebel against it, they played pranks, such as dancing in the woods, listening to slaves magic stories and pretending that other villagers were bewitching them. The Crucible starts after the girls in the village have been caught dancing in the woods. As one of them falls sick, rumors start to fly that there is witchcraft going on in the woods, and that the sick girl is bewitched. Once the girls talk to each other, they become more and more frightened of being accused as witches, so Abigail starts accusing others of practicing witchcraft. The other girls all join in so that the blame will not be placed on them. In The Crucible, Abigail starts the accusations by saying, I go back to Jesus; I kiss his hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with theDevil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil! Another girl, Betty, continues the cry with, I saw George Jacobs with the Devil! Isaw Goody Howe with the Devil! From here on, the accusations grow and grow until the jails overflow with accused witches. It must have given them an incredible sense of power when the whole town of Salem listened to their words and believed each and every accusation. After all, children were to be seen and not heard in Puritan society, and the newfound attention was probably overwhelming. In Act Three of The Crucible, the girls were called before the judges to defendthemselves against the claims that they were only acting. To prove their innocence, Abigail led the other girls in a chilling scene.Abby acted as if Mary Warren sent her spirit up to the rafters and began to talk to the spirit. .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 , .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 .postImageUrl , .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 , .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7:hover , .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7:visited , .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7:active { border:0!important; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7:active , .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7 .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec18aacd31498ddb8fd32e996edda0f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A tale of two cities 2 Essay Oh Mary, this is a black art to change your shape. No, I cannot, I cannot stop my mouth; its Gods work I do. The other girls all stared at the rafters in horror and began to repeat everything they heard. Finally, the girls hysterics caused Mary Warren to accuse John Proctor of witchcraft. Once the scam started, it was too late to stop, and the snowballing effect of wild accusations soon resulted in the hanging of many innocents. After the wave of accusations began, grudges began to surface in the community. Small slights were made out to be witchcraft, and bad business deals were blamed on witchery. Two characters in The Crucible, Giles Corey and Thomas Putnam, argue early on about a plot of land. Corey claims that he bought it from Goody Nurse but Putnam says he owns it, and Goody Nurse had no right to sell it. Later, when Putnams daughter accuses George Jacobs of witchery, Corey claims that Putnam only wants Jacobs land. Giles says, If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property thats law! And there is none but Putnam with the coin to buy so great a piece. This man is killing his neighbors for their land! Others also had hidden motives for accusing their neighbors. Once the accusations began, everyone had a reason to accuse someone else which is why the hangings got so out of hand. The wave of accusations can be likened to mass hysteria, in which the people involved are so caught up that they start having delusions of neighbors out to do them harm. One of the main accusers, Abigail Williams, had an ulterior motive for accusing Elizabeth Proctor. In The Crucible, Abigail believed that if she got rid of Goody Proctor,then John Proctor, her husband, would turn to Abby. John Proctor had an affair with Abigail, but for him it was just lust, while Abigail believed it to be true love. She told John that he loves her, and once she destroys Elizabeth, they will be free to love one another. John is horrified at this, but can do nothing to convince Abigail that he is not in love with her. Because of Abigails twisted plot to secure John for herself, Elizabeth is arrested. It is the hidden motives behind the accusations that fan the flames of the Salem witch trials. To get the complete picture of the causes behind the witch trials, you must look at the physical reasons as well. Two historians, Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, drew a map of Salem Village and plotted the accusers, the defendants, and the accused witches. An interesting picture arose when a line was drawn dividing the town into east andwest. It became clear that nearly all the accusers lived on the west side, and almost all the defenders and accused witches livedon the east side. To determine the cause of the east-west split, the historians examined many disputes, chief among them beingthe choice of ministers. Once Salem Village was granted the right to have its own meeting house, quarrels arose over who would preach in the pulpit. There were four ministers between the time period of when the meeting house was built and the end of the witch trials. The arguments over ministers soon became a power struggle. There were two factions that arose during this dispute, and it was noted that one group supported two ministers while the other group supported the other two ministers. Each group wanted to prove its influence by choosing a minister and making him the spiritual guide to Salem Village. The two groups were found to coincide closely with the east-west division. When the economical divisions of the village were examined, it was found that in general the western citizens of Salem Village lived an agrarian lifestyle and were hard-pressed economically. The land on the western side was well-suited to farming and grazing. By contrast, the villagers on the east side were mainlymerchants and lived fairly opulently. The road to Salem Town traveled through the east side of Salem Village. Many innkeepers and tavern owners lived on this road and made a good profit off all the travelers. Tension often arose between the two groups because of their vastly different lifestyles. It is not difficult to see why a catastrophe such as the Salem witch trials occurred. Once one accusation was made, it was easy to release all the buried suspicions and hatred into a wave of madness. The Crucible simplifies the cause to make for a better story, but in reality the reasons for the witch craft accusations were much more complex. The reasons behind the accusations would result in many more quarrels over the years, but none as interesting or as horrifying as the Salem witch trials. In such a straight-laced Puritan society, there lived many people with hidden darkness in their hearts, and the Salem witch trials exposed and magnified the consequences of those black desires.

D O M I C A Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

D O M I C A Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers D O M I C A Je to najvacsia jaskya Slovenskeho krasu. Jej zakladom je wettersteinsky vapenec abola vytvorena cinnosou Styxu aDomickeho potoka. Stala sa aj kratkodobou skrysou pre najstarsich neolitickych obyvateov, neskor jej povodny vchod vsak bol zava leny astala sa nedostupnou. Vroku 1926 J. Majko ako prvy prenikol cez jaskyu Stara Domica do Domice avroku 1932 bola tato jaskya spristupnena pre verejnos. Na mnohych miestach sa nasli staroveke nadoby, zbrane zkosti, hrebene ci prstene, tieto stopy minulosti potvrdili , ze nasi predkovia obyvali jaskyu Domica. Stala sa aj naleziskom kosti jaskynneho medvea. Teraz vtejto jaskyni zije az 16 druhov netopierov. Vroku 1995 bola spolu s alsimi jaskyami Slovenskeho krasu zapisana do Zoznamu svetoveho prirodneho dedicstva UNESCO. Ako jedina jaskya na Slovensku ponuka okrem obhliadky stalaktitov, stalagmitov, stalagnatov a kaskadovitych jazierok aj plavbu lokou po riecke Styx . J e prepojena nielen sjaskyou Stara Domica, ale aj sCertovou dierou atvori jednotny celok sjaskyou Baradla , do ktorej sa vchadza z uzemia Maarska . Juliane Gerbel , TA Zdroje: ssj.sk slovensky-kras.eu

Gary Graham

Gary Graham, James Beathard, Irineo Montoya, Joseph Stanley, Jerry Lee Hogue, David Spence, Odell Barnes.... These are just a few Texans who were executed even though they may have been innocent. In a previous copy of Rolling Stone, the article Bush explained how 135 Texans have been executed during Governor George W. Bushs reign. The author, Erika Casriel, tells that no American governor has put more people to death than G.W. Bush. Ms. Casriel says that out of these 135 executed men some may be guiltless. In this article, Bush comes off as a harsh governor that allows men to go to death row without first receiving a fair trial, all while serving his own political purposes. The fact that Texas does not have a statewide public defenders office with trained and salaried lawyers suggests that a poor person may have an enormous disadvantage during a trial. As stated by a Texas attorney: ...the state puts not a penny into providing representation for indigent defendants. According to the article, the Chicago Tribune did an investigation and found that forty-one of the 135 executed under Bush had an attorney who was later disbarred or suspended. Ms. Casriel explains that defendants are vulnerable to the state of Texas during trial as well as during the appeals process. The article says that after his 1995 election, Bush passed a bill that shortened death row appeals a great deal. Bushs endorsed this bill by saying: Murderers who are sentenced to death will no longer be able to endlessly delay justice. A case that was affected by Bushs new appeal law was one of Jerry Lee Hogue. New technology, such as DNA testing, did not exist in Mr. Hogues initial trial in 1979. An appeal was filed on behalf of Jerry Hogue after Bush took office, the appeal was declined on account that the state felt it was an abuse of the process as redefine...

High School Science Curriculum Plan of Study

High School Science Curriculum Plan of Study High school science typically consists of two or three years of required credits along with additionally offered electives. Two of these credits usually require a laboratory component. Following is an overview of suggested required courses along with electives a student might find at a typical high school. Year One: Physical Science The physical science curriculum covers the natural sciences and nonliving systems. Students focus on learning overall concepts and theories to help them understand and explain aspects of nature. Across the country, different states have different opinions on what should be included in physical science. Some include astronomy and earth science while others focus on physics and chemistry. This sample physical science course is integrated and includes basic principles in: PhysicsChemistryEarth scienceAstronomy Year Two: Biology The biology curriculum involves the study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment. The course provides students with laboratories designed to help them understand the nature of living organisms along with their similarities and differences. Topics covered include: Cellular biologyThe lifecycleGeneticsEvolutionClassificationOrganismsAnimalsPlantsEcosystemsAP biology The College Board suggests that students take AP biology one year after they complete biology and a year of chemistry because AP biology is the equivalent of a first-year college introductory course. Some students choose to double up on science and take this their third year or as an elective in their senior year. Year Three: Chemistry The chemistry curriculum covers matter, atomic theory, chemical reactions and interactions, and the laws that govern the study of chemistry. The course includes laboratories that are designed to reinforce these major concepts. Topics covered include: MatterAtomic structureThe periodic tableIonic and covalent bondingChemical reactionsKinetic theoryGas lawsSolutionsChemical kineticsAcids, bases and salts Year Four: Electives Typically, students take their science elective in their senior year. Following are a sampling of typical science electives offered in high schools. Physics or AP physics: Physics is the study of the interactions between matter and energy. Students who have doubled up in previous years and taken basic physics might choose to take AP physics their senior year. Chemistry II or AP chemistry: Students who have taken their first year of chemistry might continue with chemistry II or AP chemistry. This course continues and expands on the topics taught in chemistry I. Marine science: Marine science is the study of the marine environment including the ecology of the seas and the diversity of marine organisms and ecosystems. Astronomy: Many schools do not offer courses in astronomy. However, the study of astronomy is a welcome addition as a science elective. Astronomy includes the study of the planets, stars and sun as well as other astronomical structures. Anatomy and physiology: This subject involves the study of the structures and functions of the human body. Students learn about the skeletal, muscular, endocrine, nervous and other systems in the body. Environmental science: Environmental science is the study of the interaction between humans and the living and nonliving environment around them. Students learn about the effects of human interaction including deforestation, pollution, habitat destruction and issues surrounding the management of the Earths water resources.

The Development of Travel and Tourism On Mozambique Literature review

The Development of Travel and Tourism On Mozambique - Literature review Example In order to attain this end, the following objectives will be explored: This literature review critically evaluates and analyses elements and aspects of tourism development and how it can be applied to an African country – Mozambique. The study will critique various elements of the current situation of tourism which is steeped in mass tourism and provide an exegesis on the future development of tourism by integrating sustainable tourism and other approaches of tourism planning and development. Tourism is widely viewed as the movement of persons from their normal place of habitation to another place for a range of activities within a short period of time (Beaver, 2013). This include various activities like vacationing, leisure travel and business travel with the view of staying in a new environment and visiting places of interest (Varley, et al., 2013). Tourism provides some kind of leisure and relaxation to individuals in a given area. In the larger scope, tourism is a process through which local businesses in a tourist destination are likely to sell their products and services to persons from other countries (Wehrli, et al., 2013). This brings about some form of foreign exchange that can be used to develop a given nation or community. The differences in the way tourism benefits and revenues are distributed relates to the arrangements in the community or society. This difference is highly accentuated in relation to the tourism approach used in a community – whether there is a mass tourism system or an alternative tourism system. Sustainable tourism developed as a part of sustainable development which is a concept that examines the moderate and reasonable usage of the earth’s resources in order to ensure that future generations will also benefit from the earth’s resources (Miller & Twining-Ward, 2013; Pigram & Wahab, 2014; Pender & Sharpley, 2012).

Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition - Essay Example The Fifth Edition of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5) is a relatively new revised method, but has a unique history (figure 1). In 1905, Binet and Simon developed the first formal intelligence test, and Louis Terman created the Stanford-Binet Scale in 1916; this final scale was revised in 1937, 1960, 1986, and 2003. The first versions used items to address functional abilities, and were arranged by levels. The Fifth Edition is a standardized intelligence battery that can be administered to people from ages 2 to 85 years. According to Strauss (2006) the main purpose of the revision was â€Å"to expand the range of the test, to allow assessment of very low and very high levels of cognitive ability†, and to increase its clinical applications (see table 1).The SB5 is based on the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive functioning, which is considered â€Å"one of the well-validated, comprehensive models of cognitive functioning† (Fiorello and Primerano, 2 005). Johnson (2007) describes the Stanford-Binet as â€Å"a comprehensive, norm-referenced individually administered test of intelligence and cognitive abilities†. The test is consists of five factors, which include Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual-Spatial Processing, and Working Memory; each factor is further divided in verbal and non-verbal subtests (table 2). The Abbreviated Battery IQ scale consists of two routing subtests: one nonverbal (Object Series/Matrices) and one verbal (Vocabulary) (Coolican, J. et al, 2008).... Johnson (2007) describes the Stanford-Binet as "a comprehensive, norm-referenced individually administered test of intelligence and cognitive abilities". The test is consists of five factors, which include Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual-Spatial Processing, and Working Memory; each factor is further divided in verbal and non-verbal subtests (table 2). The Abbreviated Battery IQ scale consists of two routing subtests: one nonverbal (Object Series/Matrices) and one verbal (Vocabulary) (Coolican, J. et al, 2008). The fifth revision retains the routing subtest technique, and routing subsets and functional levels were redesigned. Johnson (2007) further states that a Working Memory factor was added "because it has been shown to be related to both reading and math achievement". Table 1. Main goals of the Fifth Revision. Restoring the original toys and manipulatives for assessing preschoolers that had been removed in recent versions Increasing clinical utility. Updating materials Increasing non verbal items Increasing the range of domains measured by the test Source: Strauss, E. et al. 2006. Table 2. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, 5th ed. Factor Measures Fluid Reasoning The ability to solve nonverbal and verbal problems using reasoning skills Knowledge Fund of general information Quantitative Reasoning Ability to work with numbers and solve numerical problems Visual Spatial Processing Ability to see patterns, relationships, and spatial orientations Working Memory Ability to store, sort and transform information in short-term memory. Source: Coolican, J. et al, 2008. How well a test is standardized provides information

Should the USA continue its policy of encouraging less developed Essay

Should the USA continue its policy of encouraging less developed countries to adopt democracy and capitalism - Essay Example This is because democracy offers citizens greater political stability, enhanced quality of living, greater individual liberty as well as freedom from any governmental violence. By adopting capitalism, the citizens of less developed countries are able to benefit from the fact that capitalism tends to greatly promote competition and innovation. Capitalism can offer the citizens of less developed countries more choices as well as the very best opportunities that they can be able to use to improve their living standards. These factors are seen to the fostering of greater economic freedom. Another key benefit of promoting capitalism in the less developed countries is that not only does capitalism foster competition, it also benefits these countries as it spurs the companies within them to innovate and develop far better products that will cause for there to be more goods and services in the market a factor that helps in keeping the prices of commodities at low levels. Democratic political systems often tend to enjoy far greater prosperity over longer time periods as compared to other systems. As democracy spreads, more individuals in less developed countries are likely to start enjoying greater economic benefits. While authoritarian regimes are able to compile impressive short-run economic records, they are rarely able to sustain these rates of growth for long time

Innovation and competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Innovation and competition - Essay Example For instance, the insurance industry is highly competitive thereby necessitating the need to have great marketing techniques among other skills in order to gain competitive advantage over the competitors. Focusing on two of the main insurance companies in the United States, Geico and State Farm Insurance, using VRIO analysis gives a clearer picture of how to gain competitive advantage in highly competitive sectors such as insurance. Several approaches can be used to attain an efficient marketing strategy. Some of the commonly used approaches include blue ocean strategy, porter’s five forces model, and advertising. The blue ocean strategy is deeply dependent on innovation and discovery of new consumer demands that are not yet explored. The blue ocean strategy focusses on improving the current market, for instance, by combining two or more closely related demands. In addition, it is highly dependent on the quality while still maintaining low costs of the products and services offered. The less valued products and services are replaced by the highly valued and demanded ones thereby raising the standards of the market and making it stronger. For example, the State Farm has many subsidiaries that offer great insurance services that range from fire, casualty, and mutual insurance among others. However, despite the increasingly many subsidiaries, State Farm has been able to fully satisfy it clients thereby creating unlimited loyalty. Additionally, Geico offers full time response service hence satisfying the customers fully. Moreover, Geico offers low rates to military personnel and government worker s which is arguably different from what some of the other insurance companies do. As a result, Geico has greatly grown over the recent surpassing some of the great insurance companies such as Allstate. According to a report by SNL, GEICO made $4.89 billion through direct premiums based on the third quarter of 2013 whereas Allstate

Does globalisation really benefit everybody, as many of its leading Essay

Does globalisation really benefit everybody, as many of its leading advocates claim Illustrate your answer with reference to TWO empirical cases - Essay Example This is term has existed since the mid 18th century, finding its way to the 21st century. That said one can see that globalization has benefit effects and disadvantages. The are not appealing to everyone as well as not benefiting all the people as the aspect is supposed to do. Therefore, globalization does not necessarily help everyone as many of its leading advocates claim. This is a fact that is evident as the paper has illustrated below. That said the key players in this sector of globalization should see to it that this aspect benefits all of the people no matter the class that they belong to. Only then will this aspect be embraced with everyone and all the changes that are brought by globalization will be accepted by all of the people, be it the rich, poor, young, old, sick, healthy just but to mention a few. Globalization being described as a process that involves international integration that arises from the interchange of a number of things, product, ideas, world views among other features that involve culture, this makes it something that involves many if not all of the world’s population. Therefore, this aspect of globalization should be considered and looked into with the seriousness that it deserves. People would want to see their lives change for the better, and if globalization is a way through which that is going to be possible, then everyone opts to see the benefits and not only a few individuals belonging to a particular class of people. This paper discusses the cons and pros of globalization, putting into consideration to this question; does globalization ‘benefit everybody, ’ as many of its leading advocates claim? This question will be answered and discussed in relation to the present global financial crisis as one of the empirical cases. During the past few years, steady proclamations have been made by the advocates of the economic

Education and Recess Essay Example for Free

Education and Recess Essay Since public schools have started recess it has been set in place to allow students time to express their energy, become active and socialize. Although within the past years, most schools have removed recess from their schedules. School administrators argue that recess wastes time, causes problems and is dangerous. But it is actually a good thing for students. In most schools, the average school day is about eight hours long. During the elementary school year especially, students are bursting with energy that causes their minds to wander. Recess is a great way to allow students to wind down and expel some of their pent-up energy. Also during this time it was usually the teacher who went outside with the class. So while the kids are taking a breather the teachers can too. A growing problem in America today is obesity. Many school cafeterias have switched to a healthier menu and schools have removed snack machines, in an attempt to improve students eating habits and weight. Meanwhile, the same school boards are removing recess from their schedules As a result, obesity rates have tripled in the past forty years. School administrators believe that recess is not needed because the students are required to take Physical Education. Although P.E. is physically active it does not give students many options. Students are graded on their performance and participation so P.E. is not much of a relax and recoup time. In school, it is important for students to develop necessary social skills. In class, students are unable to communicate because they are busy doing their work. Recess allows students to develop relationships, experience and deal with confrontations and learn about other people. These skills will be extremely important in almost every job. You may have noticed all of the big time business men or woman, and they got that job by being a good people person. That’s because when they were kids, recess was an every day thing. In conclusion, recess should be a thing student’s experience everyday. It should be something students think back on as adults and think of how it helped them. If schools go on with out recess for too much longer the obesity and people skills of the future could not be good. If I ever become  an important member of the school board you know what my vote for recess is going to be. What’s yours?

Q-syte Connector on Prevention of Thrombophlebitis

Q-syte Connector on Prevention of Thrombophlebitis CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION â€Å"To do what nobody else will do, a way that nobody else can do, inspite of all we go through; is to be a nurse.† Rawsi Williams.RN. The first principle to enunciate in a hospital is â€Å"do the sick no harm† (Florence Nightingale, 1859). Curing is a part of doctors and caring is in nurses’ domain. The intravenous (IV) cannulation is a very common procedure which is performed by nurses to save the lives of the patients. Though IV therapy saves the life if it is not handled well it will result in many complications. Carson.D. et al, stated in 2012 that the history of IV therapy was trailed during the Middle Ages. The first experiments using IV therapy were carried out in the 17th century using quills and animals bladder. In 1831-1832, Dr. Thomas Latta pioneered the use of the IV saline infusion for the cholera epidemic. It was then established as a routine medical practice during World War II. By the 1990s, it was estimated that 85% of hospitalized patients in the US received IV therapy.A nursing survey in 1990 found that 75% of a nurses hospital time was spent providing IV therapy related services. The most frequent complication of peripheral intravenous (PIV) infusion is phlebitis, which may occur at rates as high as 50%,or even 75% for patients with infectious diseases; however, the incidence rate of urgent catheter insertion is approximately 20%. Although the incidence of IV infusion-related infections is difficult to determine, studies have shown that between 5% and 25% of peripheral cathet ers are colonized by skin organisms at the time of removal.(Aston 1990). Ortega, et.al, (2008) observed that the ability to obtain PIV access is an essential skill for all nurses. Although this technique is considered as a simple invasive procedure, mastering the skill requires experience and is of substantial significance in life-saving intervention. According to Waitt ,C. and Waitt, P., approximately 80% of patients are receiving IV therapy during their hospitalisation. The IV therapy is commonly used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalance, for medication administration, for blood transfusion, etc. When comparing with other routes, the IV route is faster for fluid resuscitation and medication administration. In 2003, Macklin found that IV therapy has some common complications like phlebitis, infiltration, hematoma, extravasations, embolism, catheter related blood stream infections, etc. Drug induced thrombophlebitis is 25% to 70% comparatively higher in clinical setting for patients who are receiving IV therapy. Luer Access Split Septum (LASS) eliminates the internal complexities of mechanical valves, and with them the places that may harbour microorganisms. Studies found that patients are on average three times more likely to develop a Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection (CRBSI) with the use of mechanical valves vs. a split-septum needless access system. NEED FOR THE STUDY PIV cannulation is a very common invasive procedure performed by nurses throughout their duty schedule. The IV cannulation procedure is simple but it requires a lot of skills. If the cannulised site is disturbed or not maintained properly it may result in many other complications which increase the number of days in hospital as well as the cost of treatment. The intravenous catheter related infections (CRI) come under the quality indicators of a hospital. As nurses we should therefore follow our ethics and improve the quality of our nursing care by implementing evidence based innovative principles. In 2001, Reineck observed that maintenance of IV cannula patency is important to reduce the patient discomforts like visible scaring and CRI. Black et al., in 1997, found that blood clots may form in the IV line as a result of kinked IV tubing, very slow infusion rate, solution administration, etc. The CDC recommends according to 2011 guidelines, that when needleless systems are used, a split septum valve may be preferred over some mechanical valves due to an increased risk of infection with the latter ones. Recently, updated guidelines from the CDC provide a critical new evidence based intervention of Q-Syte which helps to overcome the challenges of CRBSI. When compared to the other connectors, the Q-Syte or the mechanical valve split–septum devices have 64% to 70% lower CRBSI rates. Salgado, D.C., et al , conducted a study to determine whether needleless mechanical valve device have any influence on catheter related blood stream infection among patients with a central venous catheter . He found that there was a marked decrease in the incidence of CRBSI . The investigator during her clinical experience observed that many patients who received intermittent IV drug therapy suffered from thrombophlebitis, being thus the primary cause of infection. Some studies as well as the CDC recommend to use of luer lock access along with the IV cannula. This motivated the researcher to study and to found more alternatives for preventing thrombophlebitis. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Effectiveness of Q-Syte Connector on Prevention of thrombophlebitis , IV Line Patency and Ease of Administration of Medication Among the Patients with Peripheral IV Cannula in KMCH, Coimbatore. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study are to: assess the magnitude of occurrence of thrombophlebitis and IV line patency among patients with a Q-Syte connector; compare the occurrence of thrombophlebitis and IV line patency among patients with a Q-Syte connector and those who do not have a Q-Syte connector; compare the ease of administration of medication for patients connected with Q-Syte and those without Q-Syte connector; associate the occurrence of thrombophlebitis and peripheral line occlusion with demographic variables. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Q- SYTE: A Luer Access Split Septum device connector which can be connected to the peripheral IV line. PATENCY: An absence of blockage in PIV line as observed by the flow of fluid without resistance. THROMBOPHLEBITIS: An inflammation of blood vessel due to blood clot. HYPOTHESIS H1 There is a significant difference in the occurance of thrombophlebitis between the patients with Q-Syte and those who are without Q-Syte in preventing of thrombophlebitis. H2 There is a significant difference in maintaining the IV line patency between the patients with Q-Syte and patients without Q-Syte. H3- There is a significant difference in easing the administration of medication between the patients with Q-Syte and patients without Q-Syte . ASSUMPTION Occlusion of a PIV line may result in the development of thrombophlebitis. Q-Syte prevents the occlusion of PIV line by preventing air entry and backflow. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The conceptual framework of this study was based on the modified Kolcaba comfort model. This theory was developed by Katharine Kolcaba in1990 and modified again by her in 2010. HEALTH CARE NEEDS Health care needs are those identified by the patient or its family in a particular practice setting. In the present study, the health care needs were the prevention from thrombophlebitis and the maintenance of IV line patency among the patients receiving IV drugs. HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR When patients and families are accustomed to the actions of the health care personnel (i.e. nurses), they can involve better in the health seeking behaviour which can be internal or external. In the present study, health seeking behaviours were internal when about the prevention of thrombophlebitis and external behaviour when about the functional outcome. INTERVENING VARIABLES Intervening variables are those which are not likely to change and over which the providers have a very little control such as prognosis, financial situations, the extent of social support, etc. In the present study, the intervening variables were prognosis and the extent of the social support system around the patient. COMFORT INTERVENTION Comfort is an immediate desirable outcome of nursing care. Nurses traditionally provide comfort to patients and their families through interventions that can be called comfort measures. The intentional comforting nursing actions strengthen the patients and their family. In the present study, the comfort measure was the setting of Q-Syte connector along with the IV cannula in the experimental group and not in the control group. ENHANCED COMFORT Enhanced comfort is an immediate desirable outcome of nursing care. In the present study, the enhanced comfort was the relief from thrombophlebitis by maintaining the IV patency. INSTITUTIONAL INTEGRITY Institutional integrity is defined as the values, the financial stability and the wholeness of health care organisations at local, regional, state and national levels. In the present study, the institutional integrity was the financial stability and the wholeness of the health care organisation. 7. BEST PRACTICE Best practices are the protocols and the procedures developed by an institution after collecting evidence on specific applications on the patient. In the present study, the best practice was the setting of Q-Syte connectors along with IV cannula for patients receiving such injections. 1

Miami Film Noir :: Film Cinema Movies

MIAMI NOIR We have much to learn from Mike Davis, CITY OF QUARTZ (Vintage, 1992) who discusses the paradoxical effects that the representations of Los Angeles in hardboiled novels and their translation into film noir cinema had on the image and myth of that city. Together they radically reworked the metaphorical figure of the city, using the crisis of the middle class (rarely the workers or the poor) to expose how the dream had become nightmare. . . . It is hard to exaggerate the damage which noir's dystopianization of Los Angeles, together with the exiles' [European intellectuals living and working in L.A.] denunciation of its counterfeit urbanity, inflicted upon the accumulated ideological capital of the region's boosters. Noir, often in illicit alliance with San Francisco or New York elitism, made Los Angeles the city that American intellectuals love to hate (although, paradoxically, this seems only to increase its fascination for postwar European intellectuals). As Richard Lehan has emphasized, "probably no city in the Western world has a more negative image". . . . It is hard to avoid the conclusion that the paramount axis of cultural conflict in Los Angeles has always been about the construction/interpretation of the city myth, which en ters the material landscape as a design for speculation and domination (Davis, 20-21). Miami, most notably in the works of Elmore Leonard and Charles Willeford, and in the Television series MIAMI VICE, has received some of the same treatment, belatedly, or in a post- or neo- noir modality of the genre. . As Davis noted, "noir was like a transformational grammar turning each charming ingredient of the boosters' arcadia into a sinister equivalent" (38). We need to sort out those aspects of this noir/booster conflict that are generic and those that are specific to Miami. Boosterism is a fundamental feature of Miami's existence. The same paradoxes of attraction are an important part of Florida tourism. However, noir carries with it a state of mind, an atmosphere and mood, that are specific to the genre and may or may not have anything to do with the spirit of place specific to our zone. In any case, we should keep in mind that a book about the mythical America of crime writers includes some discussion of the Miami River setting. The Interviewer, John Williams, spoke with James Hall, author of the hard-boiled SQUALL LINE, as they rode in Hall's boat on the bay near the river's mouth.

Corporate Bankruptcy Essay -- Business Management

Corporate Bankruptcy Building a successful business is very difficult and when doing so some may encounter financial hardship. The law has established a process that can help rescue businesses. This is called bankruptcy. What is bankruptcy to a company? How does bankruptcy rescue businesses? The reader will understand the meaning of bankruptcy to a corporation, be familiarized with types of proceedings, and identify with businesses that have been rescued by bankruptcy proceedings. Bankruptcy is a federal system of statutes and courts which permits persons and businesses which are unable to pay debtors or in some cases face potential insolvency, to place their financial responsibilities under the control of the bankruptcy court (www.law.com). The way this works is that when the business's debts exceed its assets or is unable to pay, the business can file a petition with the bankruptcy court. This called filing for voluntary bankruptcy. If a business does not file for bankruptcy the unpaid creditors can file an "involuntary" petition to force the business into bankruptcy (www.law.com). It is better and most common for businesses for file voluntary bankruptcy (www.law.com). There are three types of petitions: Chapter 7, Chapter 11 and Chapter 13 (www.law.com). The most popular is for business to petition is under Chapter 7 (www.law.com). In Chapter 7, businesses are appointed a trustee by the court (www.law.com). The trustee is like a financial wizard. The trustee counts up the businesses assets with the plans of keeping them from the bankruptcy, pays debts the business owes with paying taxes first (www.law.com). The trustee then focuses on paying secured debts such as mortgages and lastly unsecured debts (www.law.com). Then the court officially declares the business bankrupt and discharges the unpayable debts, this is a lost for the creditors (www.law.com). Filing a bankruptcy petition will suspend all existing legal actions like foreclosure and other imposition of judgment. Businesses cannot file for bankruptcy again for seven years (www.law.com). Chapter 11 bankruptcy allows a business to reorganize and refinance to prevent dislocation of the organization (www.law.com). Most of the time there is no trustee appointed, but the business is given time to present a plan of reorganization (www.law.com). This does not always work well for busines... ...mart.com). This is new recovery and Kmart has a long way to go according to ABC news. In conclusion, bankruptcy is a way for businesses to rescue themselves when in financial hardship. Not every company will make it. Some may be lost, but the law provides every business the opportunity to fight for it's survival. 3M, NationsRent, and Kmart have all made it through and they are looking for a promising future. Work Cited 3M Company web page. Http://www.3m.com Company News; Citing Weak Demand, 3M Says it is Cutting 125 Jobs, New York Times, 2003.Section C. P.4. Http://www.newyorktimes.com Law Dictionary, http://www.law.com Lorrie Grant. Kmart should exit Chapter 11 quietly, expert say. USA Today. April 2004 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company (3M)" International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 26. St. James Press, 1999. Reproduced in Business and Company Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. 2006. Http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BCRC NationsRent Company web page. Http://www.nationsrent.com Troy Bryant. NationsRent, Hoover.com, http://www.hovers.com/nationsrent/--ID_57275--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml. retreived July 12, 2006

Swot of Mamee

MAMEE Double-Decker has many things going for it, among them, a good financial track record, a strong balance sheet, great brands and reasonably good dividend payouts, which definitely makes it worth noting. MOST KIDS PROBABLY KNOW the `blue monster' and most adults have probably met them as well. Fear not as we are just talking about the ever-famous Mamee Monster snack food, which comes mainly in small packets that are consumed daily by its ardent fans. That probably sums up the public face of listed Mamee Double-Decker Bhd, the company which produces this classic snack food. But while the blue monster remains the ever-lovable monster, the company has outgrown it and today, Mamee is actually one of the leading snack manufacturers in the country with a strong presence in the export market as well. And it has certainly more than enough snack food brand names in its current stable, and in noodles and cultured milk production as well. Do Mamee Monster, Mamee Instant, Mister Potato and Sllrrp! Noodles and Double Decker sound familiar? How about Cheers and Nutrigen? These are the company's famous brands, which are likely to strike a chord with most consumers who consume them frequently. Still, the company itself – despite being listed since 1992 – is probably less familiar to investors than consumers. So, it is rather interesting somewhat to know that Mamee is actually a fundamentally strong and healthy company with growth potential as it expands its distribution network further and invests in new potato crisp lines to broaden its range of snacks. This is true for at least local research house, OSK Research, which initiated coverage on the company recently and pegged an RM4. 00 target price for the stock. It cites that Mamee is worth a `BUY' despite the stock having almost rallied 30% of late, citing the current strong sentiment on consumer counters.

An Analysis of Antwone Fisher Essay

Abstract Antwone Fisher is a story about a young man and his life as he grows from an abandoned child to a young petty officer in the Navy. But the crux of the story centers on his reactions to all of the negative events of his life. It is based a true story and has some reoccurring themes throughout. However, despite these reoccurrences, the messages are subtle and this where the soul of the story resides. Read more: Good people David foster Wallace summary  essay An Analysis of Antwone Fisher The movie Antwone Fisher is a personal narrative about a young African-American man’s struggle with his past. The main character is Antwone Fisher, a Navy Petty Officer whose father was killed two months before his birth and mother abandoned him shortly after his birth. Antwone is raised in an abusive foster home by Rev. Tate and his wife Ms. Tate. After an argument with Ms. Tate, Antwone is kicked out of the foster home and forced into a life of homelessness as a teenager for a short period of time and then joins the Navy. Once aboard ship, he is directly involved in a fight and is sent to see a Navy psychiatrist, Dr. Jerome Davenport. Antwone’s reluctance to talk to Dr. Davenport during the initial visit, results in Dr. Davenport informing Antwone that his first session doesn’t start until he begins to talk and that there will only be a total of three sessions. Eventually, the two develop a working relationship that evolves into something more meaningful as Ant wone begins to open up and talk about his past. The movie begins with Antwone dreaming of himself as a young boy, standing out in a field all alone facing a barn. He is greeted by a man who takes his hand and leads him into the barn filled with his all of his ancestors standing around a long table. The table is covered with food and as Antwone is lead to the head of the table, he takes a seat. A plate of pancakes is placed before him. Abruptly, the sound of a cow bell followed by the sound of a gunshot awakens Antwone out of his dream and he realizes he is actually lying in his bunk aboard ship. This dream is significant for a couple of reasons. The fact that Antwone is surrounded by all of his ancestors implies how much Antwone wants to have a sense of belonging and acceptance within the context of a family. Taking a seat at the head of the table represents the desire to feel proud about his family, as opposed to shame about the lack of his familial upbringing. This dream is not the only incident of its kind, as Antwone’s past is played out through a series of recollections that gives the viewer insight into whom Antwone Fisher is and why he behaves the way he does. After awakening from the dream, Antwone heads to the ship’s bathroom to groom himself for the day ahead. While Fisher wipes his face, a Caucasian shipmate asks â€Å"Is there something on your face.† Fisher ignites into a rage, punching and choking him. This incident aboard ship is another indication of the anger that resides within Fisher. More importantly, understanding why this anger is present is central to understanding the character. Through his visits with Dr. Davenport, Antwone slowly begins to recount his past; including instances of abuse and neglect he suffered at the hands of Miss. Tate while growing up. In the first session, which does not begin until Antwone decides to talk, he tells Dr. Davenport about how his mother failed to come claim him after her release from prison and Antwone spends the first two years of his life in an orphanage. Dr. Davenport then asks the question, â€Å"How does this make you feel.† Antwone exclaims, â€Å"Rainy days.† â€Å"Kids expect it to rain sometimes but for one kid it rained too much.† This is a subtle but important metaphor that Antwone uses to describe how he felt as a child; like a kid who wants to go out and play but can’t because of â€Å"rainy days .† Again in this case, the subtlety in what is not being said by the client is just as important as what is being said. This description infers the condition of someone who, because of circumstances not of his own making and beyond his control is being restrained from activity. It infers a lack of freedom. During Antwone’s second session, he describes how Miss. Tate psychologically abuses him and his foster brothers, Keith, whom Antwone describes as being half white and Dwight. He tells Dr. Davenport how Miss. Tate beat them and constantly called them â€Å"nigger†, although she herself was black. Fisher goes on to tell Dr. Davenport about how she often pitted one child against another and told the darker-skinned Dwight and Antwone that they were not as good as the lighter-skinned Keith, although neither of them escaped being called â€Å"nigger†. Then Dr. Davenport asks Antwone if Miss. Tate was ever nice to them. Antwone says yes, and refers to those times when she was nice to them as â€Å"chummy times†. He goes on to say that he could tell what kind of day it would be when he awoke by the scent in the air. If the smell of grits and eggs or wet pavement was in the air, he had to watch out the entire day, but if the smell of pancakes was in the air, it was going to be a good day. This symbolism is referenced in the first scene of the movie during Antwone’s dream. In the dream, when he takes a seat at the head of the table, a plate of pancakes is placed before him. The pancakes represent â€Å"chummy times†. These times represent the periods when Antwone felt free from the persistent harassment and scolding of Miss. Tate. When asked if Miss. Tate cooked pancakes often, Antwone replies, No sir. The second session ends on this note. The third session begins with Antwone telling Dr. Davenport about his dream the night before. More importantly, he tells Dr. Davenport about the confrontation with Miss. Tate that led to him being kicked out of the Tate home. The confrontation culminates in Antwone taking the same shoe from Miss Tate that she was trying to beat him with. Antwone described the feeling of power during this moment. He said, â€Å"It felt like I won a prize† (Fisher, 2002). Since birth Antwone Fisher never had control over his own life. The â€Å"prize† Antwone is describing is the feeling of being in control over his life for the first time. Dr. Davenport gives Antwone a book called The Slave Community, and explains that what he went through with the Tates was in part due to result of the treatment that slaves received from their masters during slavery and then is passed on to the slave’s children, generation to generation right on down to the Tates. This too is an important aspect of the counseling relationship between the two, because although it does not justify, at least it explains some of the behavior of the Tates, which might help Antwone to understand some of what he has gone through. Dr. Davenport explains that we all have choices and it is up to each individual to make the right choices. He goes on to say that despite the fact that Antwone has the right to be angry, it is up to him to channel that energy constructively. He tells Antwone to use that energy to benefit himself. Dr. Davenport then informs Antwone that this completes their third session and that he will recommend that Antwone be given a second chance to remain in the Navy. As Antwone leaves Dr. Davenport’s office the impression is one full of anxiety as Antwone rushes out of the office. However, after experiencing another incident aboard the ship, where Antwone’s anger nearly embroils him in a fight, he returns to the waiting area of Dr. Davenp ort’s office and is the source of a scene where he gets the undivided attention and angst of Dr. Davenport. Antwone explains that he feels lost and doesn’t know what to do and walks out of the office, leaving Dr. Davenport speechless and in thought. After some consideration Dr. Davenport contacts Antwone aboard his ship and informs him that if he is willing, they can continue their sessions after working hours. It is from these sessions that the therapeutic relationship changes into almost a father /son relationship. Apparently, Dr. Davenport made the decision to cross the therapist/client boundary in order to help Antwone. I believe that this was a conscious choice on behalf of Dr. Davenport despite the risks involved. Despite the attempt by Dr. Davenport to modify Antwone’s behavior, he is involved in yet another fight while on liberty, and is detained by the proper authorities. When Dr. Davenport is notified, he goes to see Antwone to discuss what happened. After a brief explanation, Antwone tells the doctor about how he was sexually abused repeatedly by a baby sitter as a boy. Antwone would seek refuge at his best friend Jesse’s house. Jesse was the only person that Antwone ever told about the sexual abuse unti l Dr. Davenport. It is important to note here what caused Antwone to react violently this time. Antwone has trigger points that cause him to dissonance and the only way he knows how to handle this dissonance within him is to react the way he does. These trigger points are all issues from his past. Unresolved issues that he has yet to deal with and the shame that goes along with those issues. The lack of a family structure and abandonment issues, the racial issues and self-hatred, the lack of being in control of his life, and the sexual abuse are all points of contention within Antwone Fisher that cause him to want to fight the source of the dissonance at that particular time. Anything that can remind him of his shameful past can trigger an episode. After a Thanksgiving Day invite by Dr. Davenport, Antwone is again reminded of his â€Å"inadequacy† when Dr. Davenport’s father innocently asks the question, â€Å"I bet you miss your mother’s holiday cooking. Don’t you† (Fisher, 2002). Instead of reacting with anger Antwone quietly excuses himself from the table, and retreats into another room. This nonviolent reaction represents growth on Antwone’s part. Shortly thereafter he is joined by Dr. Davenport. Antwone hands him a poem that he wrote. After reading the poem Dr. Davenport advises Antwone about how important it is that he locate his biological family. Antwone responds with, â€Å"Why do I need my family when I got you doc† (Fisher, 2002). It is at this point when Dr. Davenport realizes that the risk he took to allow Antwone to breach the client/therapist relationship may have unintended consequences that he failed to consider. Antwone has become comfortable in knowing and meeting Dr. Davenport’s family, but this is not what he needs to keep growing into the person he needs to become. To keep growing into that person, Antwone needs to seek out his own biological family so that all of the unanswered questions can be answered. Dr. Davenport realizes this now and knows what he must do. Dr. Davenport meets Antwone aboard the ship to tell him that the time has come to end their sessions. Breaking the news to Antwone results in him feeling abandoned all over again and his anger rises to the surface once more. This time there is a constructive purpose, as his anger yields the recollection of what happened to his childhood best friend, Jesse. Antwone tells the story of how Jesse was shot and killed trying to rob a neighborhood store. Antwone witnessed the entire ordeal and remembers how he heard the cow bell ringing above the store door after seeing his best friend shot dead on the floor. Again this is symbolism from the first scene in the movie where Antwone is awakened out of his dream by the sound of a gunshot and the ringing of cow bells. These sounds are auditory reminders of that incident and the day that his best friend â€Å"abandoned† him. Dr. Davenport hugs Antwone and tells him to contact him once he finds his family to tell him all about it. From this point the stage is set for Antwone to locate his biological family. Antwone takes leave from the Navy and travels to his hometown Cleveland, Ohio, to find his family. On the day he arrives it is raining. The trip turns out to be a first on several fronts as Antwone loses his virginity, confronts Miss Tate and the woman who sexually abused him as a child. He also receives an important piece of information, the name of his father, which he never knew. Using the area phone book Antwone uses this information to track down some possible relatives and sets up a meeting the next day. On the following day it is raining again as Antwone meets his prospective aunt and uncle and is taken to meet his mother, whom he has not seen since birth. Upon arrival Antwone is timid and walks up to his mother’s place to meet her. After entering, he meets his mother, who reacts with shock after seeing her first born son. Antwone’s first question is â€Å"Why did you never come for me (Fisher, 2002). He asks several questions and then proceeds to tell his mother about his life and telling her how he has longed for her for many years. He wants his mother to know what kind of person he has become . That he is a good person and a good man. He kisses her on the cheek as if to say â€Å"I forgive you†, and walks out of the apartment. After returning to his aunt’s house he is greeted by many members of his newly found family and introductions ensue. Then he is lead to two doors that open to reveal the elders of his family, sitting at a banquet table. On the table lies a feast, in celebration of his homecoming, including pancakes. Antwone Fisher sits down at the end of the banquet table and is given an approval by the eldest elder and once again it is what is not said during this moment that carries the most weight. The rest of the family rushes in to begin the feast. After returning to the Naval base Antwone waits outside Dr. Davenport’s office and when Dr. Davenport comes out, Antwone tells him that he has met his family and thanks him for his influence. Alternately, Dr. Davenport thanks Antwone for his effect on his life also. The Antwone Fisher story is about confronting the past, and learning from the present. It is a story about the power of relationships and second chances. Ultimately, it is the story about the self-determination of a young man, and his journey from shame and brokenness to forgiveness and wholeness. Let the church say Amen. References Fisher A 2002 Antwone FisherFisher, A. (2002). Antwone Fisher [Motion Picture]. : Twentieth Century Fox.

Personal Financial Advisors Essay

I want to live the good life. By that I mean a life of wealth, privilege, loving family relationships, and warm friendships. At the end of my life I will be satisfied if my spouse and children are still by my side and if I have a close circle of friends. I intend to earn a lot of money and I intend to give generously to charity. To achieve this, I need time and money. I intend to marry and have three children. My spouse and I, who are still passionately in love with each other, are building an art collection. Both sets of grandparents live no more than an hour away. We visit frequently and the kids adore them. I own my own hedge fund and earn $25 million a year. My spouse owns a business—maybe an art gallery– or a professional practice. We live in a spacious penthouse apartment, probably in New York. We have floor to ceiling windows, views in every direction, a clean, sleek, modern decor, with lots of space for entertaining, which we do frequently. The kids each have their own bedrooms and share a playroom. We have a live-in nanny for the kids, a live-in cook, and help with the cleaning. We have a beach house, probably in South Hampton. We go there most weekends by helicopter. We all have busy lives so the quality time we spend together on the weekends is incredibly important to us. We take exotic vacations two times a year as a family—usually involving some kind of adventure travel pertaining to my love for scuba diving and for studying the ecology of coral reefs. Once a year my spouse and I go some place romantic on vacation together. Each year I take a vacation with one of the kids, just the two of us. The kids go to great schools with small classes and a progressive curriculum that lets them follow their own interests: there is no teaching for the exams in this school. The kids are learning to ride, and to play tennis, squash, and polo. I play these sports regularly. I have a lot of physical energy so I run or bike each day. I also work out every day in the gym in our apartment. I have given up smoking. My spouse and I are active in charity work. We are each on the board of a prestigious charity and when we go to their annual fundraising events we get our pictures in the gossip columns. We give 10% of our income to charity each year. I am a member of the Explorer’s Club because I have contributed something important to the scientific study of coral reefs. I spent a year studying the coral reefs in the Similan Islands in Thailand before starting my career. While there, I also studied Vipassna meditation, which I still practice. I am confident and gregarious. I don’t sweat the small stuff. I plan for the future and I work my plan, but I am flexible enough to enjoy surprising opportunities when they come along. 2. Career goals My long-term career goal is to own my own hedge fund and earn at least $25 million a year. The top hedge fund owners can earn considerably more than this (Story B1). To achieve this I need three things: proven skill at investing (or the skill to hire someone with skill at investing), connections to the kind of wealthy investors who put their money in hedge funds, and the ability to convince potential clients to trust me with their money. 3. A Strategic Plan for My Future I have four major goals: to stop smoking, to learn more about coral reefs, to start a hedge fund, and to find the right spouse and start a family. I can quit smoking this year. I have decided to join a smoking cessation program at a local hospital this summer. I have consulted with my doctor and he thinks this is a good option for me. I am determined to succeed. I don’t know how long, or if, I will, as a devoted amateur, ever be able to make a scientific discovery significant to earn me admittance into the Explorer’s Club, but I intend to proceed as though this is possible (Explorer’s Club). So far, my experience with scuba diving and studying coral reefs has only been as a tourist and an avid reader. I would very much like to participate in a real scientific research expedition. One of the world’s leading organizations for research into the ecology of coral reefs is the ARC Center for Excellence in Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia (ARC Center of Excellence). My plan is to contact the scientists at the Center to learn what kind of opportunities there are for amateurs to participate in research projects. I am also considering participating in a research expedition, sponsored by the Earthwatch Institute, to Thailand’s coral reefs in December 2009 (Earthwatch Institute). I have another motive for doing this, which is that I can imagine meeting my future spouse on such an excursion. I would like to meet someone with whom I have interests in common. I think it will take me ten years to get the experience and contacts I need to start a hedge fund. I would like to apprentice myself to a leading hedge fund operator such as James Simons of Renaissance Technologies, John Paulson, or John Arnold of Centaurus Energy (Story B2). I am pursuing an education in finance. I have also been studying investment methods and I seem to have an affinity for technical analysis. I am managing a fictional portfolio as if it were real—tracking trades and so forth—and I am doing reasonably well. I am planning to join the Marketing Technicans Association and to earn the CMT credential. This involves a course of self-study and passing three challenging exams (Marketing Technican’s Association). Preparing for all three tests is said to take a total of 400 hours of study (Marketing Technician’s Association). I also intend to be active in the association—to meet others in the field and hopefully to network my way into a job in finance. As everyone knows, this is not an ideal time to be looking for a job in finance. The sector has cut 400,000 jobs in the past two years (Bowley & Story). I plan on being persistent. To start a hedge fund, I will need clients. To find them, I need to go where rich people and people who manage portfolios for large institutions go. I plan to be active in fundraising for our alumna association. I play squash and tennis. I plan to learn to play polo, an expensive sport. I also plan to be active in several charitable organizations. I hope this networking will put me in touch with the right people. Salesmanship is very important in the hedge fund business. Why should a potential client trust me with their money? I intend to build a reputation as an ethical, dependable, solid person. People will trust me because I will be trustworthy. This may sound obvious, but one thing that is sorely missing right now in the financial community is trust. Too many people have been too badly burned by the people they trusted to give them financial advice. Probably the goal that matters most to me is meeting a life partner. I hope I can do this in the next five years. I know how to meet people—that’s easy. But what I want to do is form strong, lasting relationships based on honestly knowing each other. The best way for me to do that is to be considerate and honest. In the past I have noticed in myself a tendency to play to the crowd. I will do what is necessary to get a laugh or to make someone like me, even if it means saying something about my thoughts, feelings, or opinions that isn’t really true. This is not going to work when it comes to finding a life partner. I need to be funny, considerate and honest at the same time. I am somewhat afraid of doing this. 4. A Strategic Plan â€Å"B† for My Future What if my plans don’t work out? I find this very hard to imagine. If I put myself in the right place, frequently enough, I know something good will happen, even if it isn’t exactly what I have in mind now. There are always options. I intend to follow my heart so I make the right choices. Suppose I can’t get a job in finance when I want to? I will probably consider going to work for one of the government regulatory agencies; they will probably be hiring. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is one possibility, especially since the CMT credential takes me part of the way towards the FINRA Registered Research Analyst credential (Marketing Technicians Association). This would open more doors. I am very ambitious, but if ten years pass and my dream of starting a hedge fund begins to look like an impossible goal, I will probably consider starting my own personal financial advisor practice. The Bureau of Labor Statistics is forecasting that demand for personal financial advisors will increase by 44% over the next seven years (Bureau of Labor Statistics). I am very interested in the idea of starting my own business, even if it can’t be a hedge fund. Right now, I can’t say what other kind of company I might start but it could be anything. I believe that I have to put myself in the way of opportunities. I will do this by becoming an avid watcher of the economy and an avid investigator of business conditions. I know what I am looking for: a product or service that is necessary and nonexistent. This is how the great fortunes are made. In a general sense, I am most interested in ways in which the internet can be used to deliver new services. Netflix is an inspiration. The question to ask is how could computing and networking be applied to get people this service. If you are talking about a service or product that can be delivered globally over the internet, so much the better. Amazon changed the way people shop for books. Fresh Direct has changed the way New Yorkers shop for groceries. Seamless Web has changed the way people order meals in from restaurants. I see the world as being endlessly full of possibilities. I know my dream is of extreme wealth and privilege. Maybe it is more of a fantasy than something that can be planned for. But I know all the steps I take in pursuing my dream—networking, CMT certification, building a reputation as trustworthy—will open opportunities for me. I can’t know what these opportunities are in advance. My plan â€Å"B† really is much more strategic than tactical. My plan â€Å"A† is tactical. But for plan â€Å"B† I intend to do things that I am really interested in, to take advantage of all opportunities to meet others with similar interests, especially those with a track record of achievement, and to continue studying and learning. There will be opportunities and I will have my eyes open so I can see them. The CMT isn’t the only certification I can pursue; it is just the one that interests me the most right now. The CFA Institute offers the CFA certification which is one of the most prestigious on Wall Street (CFA Institute). This is another course of self-study followed punctuated by three exams (CFA Institute). The more I try to make a plan for the future, the more convinced I become that preparation is the most important thing I can do. This is regarding my love life, my family life, my interest in coral reefs, and my career. If I study and if I seek out other people, I will discover opportunities. You can’t study for love, but you can understand yourself and what you desire. The more I learn about who I am and what I have to give to a life partner, the more likely I will be to find that special someone. I want intimacy, depth, and trust. I want to know and be known as much as possible. I don’t want secrets and I don’t want lies. I am convinced that the only way I will find a person who wants what I do, and with me, is if I give these things first. Works Cited ARC Centre of Excellence. â€Å"Coral Reefs on Brink of Disaster, Scientists Urge Action Now. † Science Daily. 22 October 2007. 28 April 2009 . Bowley, G. & Story, S. â€Å"Crisis Altering Wall Street as Big Banks Lose Top Talent. The New York Times. 12 April 2009. 27 April 2009 . Bureau of Labor Statistics. â€Å"Financial Analysts and Personal Financial Advisors. † Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2008-2009 Edition. 27 April 2009 . CFA Institute. â€Å"What Is the CFA Program? † 28 April 2009 . â€Å"Coral Reefs of Thailand. † Earthwatch Institute. 28 April 2009 . Explorer’s Club. 28 April 2009 . Marketing Technicians Association. â€Å"CMT Program. † 28 April 2009 . Story, Louise. March, 25, 2009. â€Å"Top Hedge Fund Managers Do Well in a Down Year. † New York Times, p. B1.

Gatsby1 essays

Gatsby1 essays Then wear the gold hat, if that will move her; If you can bounce high, bounce for her too, Till she cry "Lover, gold-hatted, high-bouncing lover, Jay Gatsby went through most of his life striving for a new beginning, a chance to start over and succeed. He forced that aspect of life, into his own, by changing his identity. He was James Gatz a man who's unknown soul was left to linger in the past. Now he is Jay Gatsby. Gatsby does not realize that life can be difficult. You can not just move on and pretend that the past never happened. If you do not face the real and original you, you will never find success or happiness in the way you wish to live your present life. All through Gatsby's life he looked to the green light on the dock across the bay for hope and reassurance. He needed to know that his dream was still as bright as it was the day he met Daisy. Gatsby lived for an American dream. "The truth was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God - a phrase which, if it means anything, means just that." (Pg.104) Gatsby created himself to be his own hero, through the eyes of a seventeen year old boy. He began to wear that gold hat and rise in society with money, friends, and a love life he dreamed of returning. "You see I usually find myself among strangers because I drift here and there trying to forget the sad thing that happened to me." (Pg.71-72) Gatsby smothered himself in popularity to try and block out the memory of the man he was before his change. He has been grieving for a love that he lost when drafted to the war. His only hope left is a green light across the bay which seems to shine through the unhappiness in Gatsby's life. Daisy, as pure and sweet as the flower itself, is the only thing left that is needed for him to complete his dream. "He wanted nothing le ...

How to Write a Dissertation in Statistics the One Guide You Need to Achieve Success

How to Write a Dissertation in Statistics the One Guide You Need to Achieve Success Writing a dissertation or any other kind of research paper in statistics is quite different from almost any other discipline, for a variety of reasons. Firstly, statistics is not exactly an independent discipline; it is more of a research approach that can be used in many different fields. This means that you have to be ready to operate with many different kinds of information. Secondly, statistics all but dictates the type of approach you have to use in your writing: your dissertation has to be a quantitative research put into words, which means that the verbal part of your paper is going to be heavily dependent on numerals, tables, graphs and other similar elements. Thirdly, the fact that you are dealing with a dissertation does not make things easier, because it is an extremely complex type of academic assignment. Unlike an essay or a typical research paper, a dissertation is much larger (while an essay is rarely longer than 2000-3000 words, there is no real upper limit on the dissertation’s size) and is based on your original research. Differently from most other academic assignments, you have almost complete freedom on the choice of a topic (you have to get it approved by your supervisor, but otherwise can write whatever you want). All this can be the source of many problems, especially for the students who are not used to independent research. In our guide, however, you will find all the information you need to successfully write an assignment of this type. Choosing a Rewarding and Interesting Topic for a Statistics Dissertation Statistics is a peculiar subject that is different from most other disciplines because it often plays a supplementary role in other researches and can be used in virtually any line of work, from sociology and marketing to history and biology. This opens up almost unlimited prospects for different types of research; here are just some examples of what you may write about: Statistical Data Analysis Using Regression Models in Marine Biology; The Use of Approximate Causality in Machine Learning’s Medical Applications; Use of Regression Analysis in the Study of Kenya Population Increase and Its Influence on the Economic Situation in the Country; Effectiveness of Tilted Importance Sampling when Compared to the Classical Monte Carlo Simulation; Effectiveness Evaluation of Hotel Chain Websites Based on the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Model. But how does one find a suitable topic for oneself? Here are a few suggestions: 1. Look for a Topic That Promises Enough Data for Research Information sources and raw data are the lifeblood of any research, but it is doubly so for statistics. In other disciplines, the information your research is based on is important – it serves as a foundation for your work, it backs up your theories, it helps to create a context for your research. However, it is always your original research that takes precedence. In statistics, it is the other way around – the data is at the forefront, and your own writing simply shows what you have found out by studying the sources. In other words, you should look for a topic that not just has some data on it, but a lot of it. Even if you know there are viable sources of information, check if you will be able to access them beforehand. Alternatively, choose a topic you are sure you can gather enough data about through fieldwork. 2. Do Data Collection before Finalizing the Topic In other disciplines, it may be alright to leave the part of data collection for later. When you deal with statistics, this approach means pushing your luck. Collect the vast majority of necessary information before you submit the final version of your topic to the supervisor. 3. Do not Feel Obliged to Choose a Topic You Are in Love With One can often hear that students should strive to write such a big and important assignment as a dissertation on a topic they are genuinely passionate about. After all, you are going to spend months (at the very least) working with the subject, and it is better to write something you are genuinely interested in. However, it may not be the best idea to take this advice at face value. Yes, you should have some interest in what you write about, but it does not have to be an abiding, all-consuming interest. If you choose such a topic, especially for your first truly independent research, you will be too tempted to treat it as your magnum opus and spend too much time perfecting both the topic itself and the paper based on it. Treat the dissertation as a stepping stone, not the most important thing in your career. 4. Make Feasibility Your Primary Criterion of Choice When choosing a dissertation topic, make sure the research will be doable first and consider everything else later. Of course, your paper will have to fill a gap in the existing research on the subject, but this should not be your primary concern. It may sound contrary to everything you have heard before, but you should worry about writing a complete and viable dissertation, not achieving a breakthrough in your chosen field. Once you have found a doable topic, you can virtually always find a gap in literature associated with it and justify doing research on it. Is there already existing research on the subject? You can, among other things: Build your research on a different sample; Use a different method; Use a different analysis tool; Pick a different location. In other words, pick a feasible topic and find a rationale for using it later. 5. Work Backwards from the Available Data Once you have determined the general area you would like to work on, it is often worth looking at the available data and asking yourself ‘Can I glean a viable topic from it?’ It is especially true for the situations in which you have easy access to the sources of information that are not readily available to the general public. How to Properly Structure a Statistics Dissertation: The Necessary Sections Unlike an essay, whose structure is usually the same, a dissertation can be vastly different even within a single discipline. Therefore, we will not provide a detailed description of how you should organize your dissertation – the instructions you receive from your college and instructor will override it anyway. Nevertheless, we will give some recommendations on how you should write certain sections that are normally present in most dissertations. Abstract An abstract is a short (usually no more than a few hundred words) summary of your research. It should mention: Why you chose the topic; How you did the research; What did you achieve; What are the implications of your research. Despite its size, one usually dedicates a lot of time and work to writing it, because you have to condense thousands of words’ worth of data into less than a page. An abstract should be enough on its own to represent your research, and if your dissertation ever gets registered with a database, it is going to become an independent document detailing the contents of your research. Introduction Although it is located at the beginning of the dissertation, it is better to write your introduction after the rest of the paper is already done and you know what exactly you are introducing. The primary purpose of this section is to introduce your topic and research question, provide basic context for the research and lead up to the general direction of your work. Literature Review This section is supposed to show that you know where your own research fits into the existing body of literature on the subject. Here you should do the following: Summarize the current state of research and knowledge on the subject; Point out any spheres of knowledge that are relevant for your research question so that you can refer to them later; Identify the gap in the existing knowledge and provide a rationale for your work, i.e., explain why your research is necessary; Describe how you intend to fill in this gap. The order in which it is to be done is not set in stone. Feel free to experiment and see what works best in your case, so that you can build a logical and coherent structure. Methodology Methods of data collection and analysis are extremely important in statistics, so make sure to be as clear and meticulous as possible in this section. Mention any tools, equipment, processes, and methods you used to carry out your research. Make your description detailed enough for other scholars to be able to replicate your work. Results Here you give a detailed description of all results and findings of your work. Separate them into individual points and be as straightforward as possible. Discussion In this section, you turn back to the context of your work, this time considering the results of your research. Refer to the reason you did it, dwell on whether you have managed to answer your research questions and whether you expected the results you have received. Elaborate on what your research added to the literature on the subject. Conclusion This short section enumerates the main points that emerged as a result of your research and analysis of its results and tries to define what they mean for the discipline in general. You can also point out promising venues for future research uncovered by your work. Writing a Statistics Dissertation: General Recommendations 1. Make Use of Interpretations The sources providing statistical data often accompany it with interpretations. If the interpretation contains the conclusions that are relevant for your research, do not waste time redoing the calculations and use the interpretation as is (at least if you believe the source is trustworthy). 2. Use Visuals Liberally Statistics is a discipline that makes heavy use of visuals, so make sure you introduce a fair share of them into your dissertation. Whenever a graph, a chart, a diagram or a table is appropriate to prove your point, do not hesitate to add one. 3. Plan for Length Maybe you have received a word limit from your instructor, maybe you have decided upon the length of your dissertation on your own. Anyway, you should plan for length before you write the first word. A typical dissertation is at least 5,000 words long, and it is much harder to estimate such quantities by eye than with much smaller essays. Therefore, you should decide how long each section is going to be at the outset. You can alter these values later on if necessary, but this rough estimate will help you see if you are going in the wrong direction if any individual section turns out to be too long. 4. Start Writing Right Away A dissertation, especially a dissertation in statistics, is a type of academic work that is heavily dependent on finding, processing and analyzing the sources of information. To write a high-quality paper of this type you will have to read dozens of books, magazine publications and other sources, scour multiple samples of statistical data. With the impressive amount of time you have to write a dissertation, it is very easy to get into a trap of going overboard with reading up for it. As a result, you can end up with too little time to do the actual writing. To prevent this, start writing as soon as you get a basic idea of your dissertation’s structure. You will have to rewrite and edit huge swathes of this preliminary text, but having it ready will add security to your position. 5. Study the Instructions Carefully Whatever you read in this manual or anywhere else, the instructions received from your instructor and college take precedence. Take time to read and reread them multiple times before you start writing. Make sure you understand everything. If you have any doubts, ask your instructor directly – it is better than to find out you have to rewrite half of your dissertation later on. 6. Do not Try to Make Your First Draft Ideal Like any other type of writing, a dissertation is not written in one go. In fact, if you are satisfied with your dissertation after finishing the first draft, you are doing something wrong. To write a good paper, you have to do at least four drafts: The first one is a rough approximation of what the dissertation will look like. You organize your ideas and put them under appropriate sections without worrying too much about the details. Having this draft in front of you will allow you to better understand where your arguments are lacking, what additional sources you should find and use; In the second draft, you analyze your writing to see if it makes a cohesive whole. Remove or alter sections that do not drive your argument forward, see if there are any logical errors, check if your argument is consistent; Now that you are satisfied with the overall shape of your paper, the third draft is more concerned with individual sections of the dissertations. Check if each of them contains all the necessary material, if they are logical and consistent within themselves, add or remove parts as seems necessary. See if sections are naturally connected to each other. It is also time to pay attention to the stylistic and grammatical errors; The fourth draft is what is usually called proofreading. With the dissertation almost ready, now you have to check it for typos, spelling and punctuation mistakes. You can make your job a bit easier by using online spellchecking tools: they can point out some of the more obvious mistakes, although do not trust them to root out everything. Pay special attention to the page and formatting your quotations – make sure you use the necessary style. Follow these principles, and you will be able to write a top-notch dissertation on statistics even if it is the first time you do it!